The Winter Garden

Most persons who are the owners of gardens seem to be under the

impression that we must close the summer volume of Nature's book at the

end of the season, and that it must remain closed until the spring of

another year invites us to a re-perusal of its attractive pages. In

other words, that we are not expected to derive much pleasure from the

garden for six months of the year.



There is no good reason why the home-grounds should not be attractive

the year round if we plant for winter as well as summer effect.



True, we cannot have flowers in winter, but we can secure color-effects

with but little trouble that will make good, to a considerable extent,

the lack of floral color. Without these the winter landscape is cold,

though beautiful, and to most persons it will seem dreary and monotonous

in its chill whiteness. But to those who have "the seeing eye," there

are always elements of wonderful beauty in it, and there is ample

material at hand with which to give it the touches of brightness that

can make it almost as attractive as it is in June.



If the reader will carefully study the two illustrations accompanying

this chapter, he will have to admit that the winter garden has many

attractive features that the summer garden cannot boast of. These

illustrations are summer and winter views of the same spot, taken from

one of our public parks. The summer view shows a wealth of foliage and

bloom, and is one of Nature's beauty-spots that we never tire of. But

the winter view has in it a suggestion of breadth and distance that adds

wonderfully to the charm of the scene, brought out as it is by the naked

branches against the sky, and glimpses of delightful vistas farther on,

which are entirely hidden by the foliage that interferes with the

outlook in the summer picture. Note how the evergreens stand out sharply

against the background, and how clearly every shrub--every branch--is

outlined by the snow. It is one of Nature's etchings. Whatever color

there is in the landscape is heightened and emphasized by strong, vivid

contrast. There are little touches of exquisite beauty in this picture

that cannot be found in the other.



Most of us plant a few evergreens about our homes. Sometimes we are

fortunate enough to locate them where they will prove effective. Oftener

we put them where they have no chance to display their charms to good

effect. They do not belong near the house--least of all in the "front

yard." They must be admired at a distance which will soften their

coarseness of habit. You must be far enough away from them to be able to

take in their charms of form and color at a glance, to observe the

graceful sweep of their branches against the snow, and to fully bring

out the strength and richness of color, none of which things can be done

at close range. Looked at from a proper and respectful distance, every

good specimen of evergreen will afford a great deal of pleasure. But it

might be made to afford a great deal more if we were to set about it in

the right way. Why not make our evergreens serve as backgrounds against

which to bring out colors that rival, to some extent, the flowers of

summer?



Have you never taken a tramp along the edge of the woodland in winter,

and come suddenly upon a group of Alders? What brightness seemed to

radiate from their spikes of scarlet berries! The effect is something

like that of a flame, so intense is it. It seems to radiate through the

winter air with a thrill of positive warmth. So strong an impression do

they make upon the eye that you see them long after you have passed

them. They photograph themselves there. Why should we not transplant

this bit of woodland glory to the garden, and heighten the effect of it

by giving it an evergreen as a background? Its scarlet fire, seen

against the dark greenery of Spruce or Arbor Vitae, would make the winter

garden fairly glow with color.



I have seen the red-branched Willow planted near an evergreen, and the

contrast of color brought out every branch so keenly that it seemed

chiselled from coral. The effect was exquisite.



Train Celastrus _scandens_, better known as Bittersweet, where its

pendant clusters of red and orange can show against evergreens, and you

produce an effect that can be equalled by few flowers.



The Berberry is an exceedingly useful shrub with which to work up vivid

color-effects in winter. It shows attractively among other shrubs, is

charming when seen against a drift of snow, but is never quite so

effective as when its richness of coloring is emphasized by contrast by

the sombre green of a Spruce or Balsam.



Our native Cranberry--Viburnum _opulus_--is one of our best

berry-bearing shrubs. It holds its crimson fruit well in winter. Planted

among--not against--evergreens, it is wonderfully effective because of

its tall and stately habit.



Bayberry (Myrica _cerifera_) is another showy-fruited shrub. Its

grayish-white berries are thickly studded along its brown branches, and

are retained through the winter. If this is planted side by side with

the Alder, the effect will be found very pleasing.



The Snowberry (Symphoricarpus _racemosus_) has been cultivated for

nearly a hundred years in our gardens, and probably stands at the head

of the list of white-fruited shrubs. If this is planted in front of

evergreens the purity of its color is brought out charmingly. Group it

with the red-barked Willow, the Alder, or the Berberry, and you secure a

contrast that makes the effect strikingly delightful--a symphony in

green, scarlet, and white. If to this combination you add the blue of a

winter sky or the glow of a winter sunset, who can say there is not

plenty of color in a winter landscape?



The value of the Mountain Ash in winter decoration is just beginning to

be understood. If it retained its fruit throughout the entire season it

would be one of our most valuable plants, but the birds claim its

crimson fruit as their especial property, and it is generally without a

berry by Christmas in localities where robins and other berry-eating

birds linger late in the season. Up to that time it is exceedingly

attractive, especially if it is planted where it can have the benefit of

strong contrast to bring out the rich color of its great clusters.

Because of its tall and stately habit it will be found very effective

when planted between evergreens, with other bright-colored shrubs in the

foreground.



There are many shrubs whose berries are blue, and purple, and black.

While these are not as showy as those of scarlet and white, they are

very attractive, and can be made extremely useful in the winter garden.

They should not be neglected, because they widen the range of color to

such an extent that the charge of monotony of tone in the winter

landscape is ineffective.



The Ramanas Rose (R. _lucida_) has very brilliant clusters of crimson

fruit which retains its beauty long after the holidays. This shrub is

really more attractive in winter than in summer.



It will be understood, from what I said at the beginning of this

chapter, that I put high value on the decorative effect of leafless

shrubs. Their branches, whether traced against a background of sky or

snow, make an embroidery that has about it a charm that summer cannot

equal in delicacy. A Bittersweet, clambering over bush or tree, and

displaying its many clusters of red and orange against a background of

leafless branches, with the intense blue of winter sky showing through

them, makes a picture that is brilliant in the extreme, when you

consider the relative values of the colors composing it. Then you will

discover that the charm is not confined to the color of the fruit, but

to the delicate tracery of branch and twig, as well.